|
|
|
|
# 1. Vue3简介
|
|
|
|
|
- 2020年9月18日,`Vue.js`发布版`3.0`版本,代号:`One Piece`(n
|
|
|
|
|
- 经历了:[4800+次提交](https://github.com/vuejs/core/commits/main)、[40+个RFC](https://github.com/vuejs/rfcs/tree/master/active-rfcs)、[600+次PR](https://github.com/vuejs/vue-next/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Amerged+-author%3Aapp%2Fdependabot-preview+)、[300+贡献者](https://github.com/vuejs/core/graphs/contributors)
|
|
|
|
|
- 官方发版地址:[Release v3.0.0 One Piece · vuejs/core](https://github.com/vuejs/core/releases/tag/v3.0.0)
|
|
|
|
|
- 截止2023年10月,最新的公开版本为:`3.3.4`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/1695089947298-161c1b47-eb86-42fb-b1f8-d6a4fcab8ee2.png" alt="image.png" style="zoom:30%;" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 1.1. 【性能的提升】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 打包大小减少`41%`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 初次渲染快`55%`, 更新渲染快`133%`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 内存减少`54%`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 1.2.【 源码的升级】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 使用`Proxy`代替`defineProperty`实现响应式。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 重写虚拟`DOM`的实现和`Tree-Shaking`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 1.3. 【拥抱TypeScript】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `Vue3`可以更好的支持`TypeScript`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 1.4. 【新的特性】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. `Composition API`(组合`API`):
|
|
|
|
|
- `setup`
|
|
|
|
|
- `ref`与`reactive`
|
|
|
|
|
- `computed`与`watch`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
......
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 新的内置组件:
|
|
|
|
|
- `Fragment`
|
|
|
|
|
- `Teleport`
|
|
|
|
|
- `Suspense`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
......
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 其他改变:
|
|
|
|
|
- 新的生命周期钩子
|
|
|
|
|
- `data` 选项应始终被声明为一个函数
|
|
|
|
|
- 移除`keyCode`支持作为` v-on` 的修饰符
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
......
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 2. 创建Vue3工程
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 2.1. 【基于 vue-cli 创建】
|
|
|
|
|
点击查看[官方文档](https://cli.vuejs.org/zh/guide/creating-a-project.html#vue-create)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 备注:目前`vue-cli`已处于维护模式,官方推荐基于 `Vite` 创建项目。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```powershell
|
|
|
|
|
## 查看@vue/cli版本,确保@vue/cli版本在4.5.0以上
|
|
|
|
|
vue --version
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 安装或者升级你的@vue/cli
|
|
|
|
|
npm install -g @vue/cli
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 执行创建命令
|
|
|
|
|
vue create vue_test
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 随后选择3.x
|
|
|
|
|
## Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with (Use arrow keys)
|
|
|
|
|
## > 3.x
|
|
|
|
|
## 2.x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 启动
|
|
|
|
|
cd vue_test
|
|
|
|
|
npm run serve
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 2.2. 【基于 vite 创建】(推荐)
|
|
|
|
|
`vite` 是新一代前端构建工具,官网地址:[https://vitejs.cn](https://vitejs.cn/),`vite`的优势如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 轻量快速的热重载(`HMR`),能实现极速的服务启动。
|
|
|
|
|
- 对 `TypeScript`、`JSX`、`CSS` 等支持开箱即用。
|
|
|
|
|
- 真正的按需编译,不再等待整个应用编译完成。
|
|
|
|
|
- `webpack`构建 与 `vite`构建对比图如下:
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/1683167182037-71c78210-8217-4e7d-9a83-e463035efbbe.png" alt="webpack构建" title="webpack构建" style="zoom:20%;box-shadow:0 0 10px black" /> <img src="images/1683167204081-582dc237-72bc-499e-9589-2cdfd452e62f.png" alt="vite构建" title="vite构建" style="zoom: 20%;box-shadow:0 0 10px black" />
|
|
|
|
|
* 具体操作如下(点击查看[官方文档](https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/quick-start.html#creating-a-vue-application))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```powershell
|
|
|
|
|
## 1.创建命令
|
|
|
|
|
npm create vue@latest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 2.具体配置
|
|
|
|
|
## 配置项目名称
|
|
|
|
|
√ Project name: vue3_test
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加TypeScript支持
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add TypeScript? Yes
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加JSX支持
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add JSX Support? No
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加路由环境
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add Vue Router for Single Page Application development? No
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加pinia环境
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add Pinia for state management? No
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加单元测试
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add Vitest for Unit Testing? No
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加端到端测试方案
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add an End-to-End Testing Solution? » No
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加ESLint语法检查
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add ESLint for code quality? Yes
|
|
|
|
|
## 是否添加Prettiert代码格式化
|
|
|
|
|
√ Add Prettier for code formatting? No
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
自己动手编写一个App组件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="app">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>你好啊!</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts">
|
|
|
|
|
export default {
|
|
|
|
|
name:'App' //组件名
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<style>
|
|
|
|
|
.app {
|
|
|
|
|
background-color: #ddd;
|
|
|
|
|
box-shadow: 0 0 10px;
|
|
|
|
|
border-radius: 10px;
|
|
|
|
|
padding: 20px;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</style>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
安装官方推荐的`vscode`插件:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/volar.png" alt="Snipaste_2023-10-08_20-46-34" style="zoom:50%;" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/image-20231218085906380.png" alt="image-20231218085906380" style="zoom:42%;" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
总结:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `Vite` 项目中,`index.html` 是项目的入口文件,在项目最外层。
|
|
|
|
|
- 加载`index.html`后,`Vite` 解析 `<script type="module" src="xxx">` 指向的`JavaScript`。
|
|
|
|
|
- `Vue3`**中是通过 **`createApp` 函数创建一个应用实例。
|
|
|
|
|
## 2.3. 【一个简单的效果】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`Vue3`向下兼容`Vue2`语法,且`Vue3`中的模板中可以没有根标签
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{name}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{age}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">年龄+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="showTel">点我查看联系方式</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts">
|
|
|
|
|
export default {
|
|
|
|
|
name:'App',
|
|
|
|
|
data() {
|
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
|
|
|
name:'张三',
|
|
|
|
|
age:18,
|
|
|
|
|
tel:'13888888888'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
methods:{
|
|
|
|
|
changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
this.name = 'zhang-san'
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
this.age += 1
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
showTel(){
|
|
|
|
|
alert(this.tel)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 3. Vue3核心语法
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.1. 【OptionsAPI 与 CompositionAPI】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `Vue2`的`API`设计是`Options`(配置)风格的。
|
|
|
|
|
- `Vue3`的`API`设计是`Composition`(组合)风格的。
|
|
|
|
|
### Options API 的弊端
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`Options`类型的 `API`,数据、方法、计算属性等,是分散在:`data`、`methods`、`computed`中的,若想新增或者修改一个需求,就需要分别修改:`data`、`methods`、`computed`,不便于维护和复用。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/1696662197101-55d2b251-f6e5-47f4-b3f1-d8531bbf9279.gif" alt="1.gif" style="zoom:70%;border-radius:20px" /><img src="images/1696662200734-1bad8249-d7a2-423e-a3c3-ab4c110628be.gif" alt="2.gif" style="zoom:70%;border-radius:20px" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Composition API 的优势
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
可以用函数的方式,更加优雅的组织代码,让相关功能的代码更加有序的组织在一起。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/1696662249851-db6403a1-acb5-481a-88e0-e1e34d2ef53a.gif" alt="3.gif" style="height:300px;border-radius:10px" /><img src="images/1696662256560-7239b9f9-a770-43c1-9386-6cc12ef1e9c0.gif" alt="4.gif" style="height:300px;border-radius:10px" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 说明:以上四张动图原创作者:大帅老猿
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.2. 【拉开序幕的 setup】
|
|
|
|
|
### setup 概述
|
|
|
|
|
`setup`是`Vue3`中一个新的配置项,值是一个函数,它是 `Composition API` **“表演的舞台**_**”**_,组件中所用到的:数据、方法、计算属性、监视......等等,均配置在`setup`中。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
特点如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `setup`函数返回的对象中的内容,可直接在模板中使用。
|
|
|
|
|
- `setup`中访问`this`是`undefined`。
|
|
|
|
|
- `setup`函数会在`beforeCreate`之前调用,它是“领先”所有钩子执行的。
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{name}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{age}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">年龄+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="showTel">点我查看联系方式</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts">
|
|
|
|
|
export default {
|
|
|
|
|
name:'Person',
|
|
|
|
|
setup(){
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据,原来写在data中(注意:此时的name、age、tel数据都不是响应式数据)
|
|
|
|
|
let name = '张三'
|
|
|
|
|
let age = 18
|
|
|
|
|
let tel = '13888888888'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法,原来写在methods中
|
|
|
|
|
function changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
name = 'zhang-san' //注意:此时这么修改name页面是不变化的
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(name)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
age += 1 //注意:此时这么修改age页面是不变化的
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(age)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function showTel(){
|
|
|
|
|
alert(tel)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 返回一个对象,对象中的内容,模板中可以直接使用
|
|
|
|
|
return {name,age,tel,changeName,changeAge,showTel}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
### setup 的返回值
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 若返回一个**对象**:则对象中的:属性、方法等,在模板中均可以直接使用**(重点关注)。**
|
|
|
|
|
- 若返回一个**函数**:则可以自定义渲染内容,代码如下:
|
|
|
|
|
```jsx
|
|
|
|
|
setup(){
|
|
|
|
|
return ()=> '你好啊!'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
### setup 与 Options API 的关系
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `Vue2` 的配置(`data`、`methos`......)中**可以访问到** `setup`中的属性、方法。
|
|
|
|
|
- 但在`setup`中**不能访问到**`Vue2`的配置(`data`、`methos`......)。
|
|
|
|
|
- 如果与`Vue2`冲突,则`setup`优先。
|
|
|
|
|
### setup 语法糖
|
|
|
|
|
`setup`函数有一个语法糖,这个语法糖,可以让我们把`setup`独立出去,代码如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{name}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{age}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changAge">年龄+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="showTel">点我查看联系方式</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts">
|
|
|
|
|
export default {
|
|
|
|
|
name:'Person',
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 下面的写法是setup语法糖 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts">
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(this) //undefined
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据(注意:此时的name、age、tel都不是响应式数据)
|
|
|
|
|
let name = '张三'
|
|
|
|
|
let age = 18
|
|
|
|
|
let tel = '13888888888'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changName(){
|
|
|
|
|
name = '李四'//注意:此时这么修改name页面是不变化的
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(age)
|
|
|
|
|
age += 1 //注意:此时这么修改age页面是不变化的
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function showTel(){
|
|
|
|
|
alert(tel)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
扩展:上述代码,还需要编写一个不写`setup`的`script`标签,去指定组件名字,比较麻烦,我们可以借助`vite`中的插件简化
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 第一步:`npm i vite-plugin-vue-setup-extend -D`
|
|
|
|
|
2. 第二步:`vite.config.ts`
|
|
|
|
|
```jsx
|
|
|
|
|
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
|
|
|
|
|
import VueSetupExtend from 'vite-plugin-vue-setup-extend'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export default defineConfig({
|
|
|
|
|
plugins: [ VueSetupExtend() ]
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 第三步:`<script setup lang="ts" name="Person">`
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.3. 【ref 创建:基本类型的响应式数据】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **作用:**定义响应式变量。
|
|
|
|
|
- **语法:**`let xxx = ref(初始值)`。
|
|
|
|
|
- **返回值:**一个`RefImpl`的实例对象,简称`ref对象`或`ref`,`ref`对象的`value`**属性是响应式的**。
|
|
|
|
|
- **注意点:**
|
|
|
|
|
- `JS`中操作数据需要:`xxx.value`,但模板中不需要`.value`,直接使用即可。
|
|
|
|
|
- 对于`let name = ref('张三')`来说,`name`不是响应式的,`name.value`是响应式的。
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{name}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{age}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">年龄+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="showTel">点我查看联系方式</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
// name和age是一个RefImpl的实例对象,简称ref对象,它们的value属性是响应式的。
|
|
|
|
|
let name = ref('张三')
|
|
|
|
|
let age = ref(18)
|
|
|
|
|
// tel就是一个普通的字符串,不是响应式的
|
|
|
|
|
let tel = '13888888888'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
// JS中操作ref对象时候需要.value
|
|
|
|
|
name.value = '李四'
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(name.value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 注意:name不是响应式的,name.value是响应式的,所以如下代码并不会引起页面的更新。
|
|
|
|
|
// name = ref('zhang-san')
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
// JS中操作ref对象时候需要.value
|
|
|
|
|
age.value += 1
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(age.value)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function showTel(){
|
|
|
|
|
alert(tel)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.4. 【reactive 创建:对象类型的响应式数据】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **作用:**定义一个**响应式对象**(基本类型不要用它,要用`ref`,否则报错)
|
|
|
|
|
- **语法:**`let 响应式对象= reactive(源对象)`。
|
|
|
|
|
- **返回值:**一个`Proxy`的实例对象,简称:响应式对象。
|
|
|
|
|
- **注意点:**`reactive`定义的响应式数据是“深层次”的。
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>汽车信息:一台{{ car.brand }}汽车,价值{{ car.price }}万</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>游戏列表:</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li v-for="g in games" :key="g.id">{{ g.name }}</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>测试:{{obj.a.b.c.d}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeCarPrice">修改汽车价格</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeFirstGame">修改第一游戏</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="test">测试</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import { reactive } from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let car = reactive({ brand: '奔驰', price: 100 })
|
|
|
|
|
let games = reactive([
|
|
|
|
|
{ id: 'ahsgdyfa01', name: '英雄联盟' },
|
|
|
|
|
{ id: 'ahsgdyfa02', name: '王者荣耀' },
|
|
|
|
|
{ id: 'ahsgdyfa03', name: '原神' }
|
|
|
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
|
let obj = reactive({
|
|
|
|
|
a:{
|
|
|
|
|
b:{
|
|
|
|
|
c:{
|
|
|
|
|
d:666
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function changeCarPrice() {
|
|
|
|
|
car.price += 10
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeFirstGame() {
|
|
|
|
|
games[0].name = '流星蝴蝶剑'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function test(){
|
|
|
|
|
obj.a.b.c.d = 999
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.5. 【ref 创建:对象类型的响应式数据】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 其实`ref`接收的数据可以是:**基本类型**、**对象类型**。
|
|
|
|
|
- 若`ref`接收的是对象类型,内部其实也是调用了`reactive`函数。
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>汽车信息:一台{{ car.brand }}汽车,价值{{ car.price }}万</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>游戏列表:</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li v-for="g in games" :key="g.id">{{ g.name }}</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>测试:{{obj.a.b.c.d}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeCarPrice">修改汽车价格</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeFirstGame">修改第一游戏</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="test">测试</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import { ref } from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let car = ref({ brand: '奔驰', price: 100 })
|
|
|
|
|
let games = ref([
|
|
|
|
|
{ id: 'ahsgdyfa01', name: '英雄联盟' },
|
|
|
|
|
{ id: 'ahsgdyfa02', name: '王者荣耀' },
|
|
|
|
|
{ id: 'ahsgdyfa03', name: '原神' }
|
|
|
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
|
let obj = ref({
|
|
|
|
|
a:{
|
|
|
|
|
b:{
|
|
|
|
|
c:{
|
|
|
|
|
d:666
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(car)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function changeCarPrice() {
|
|
|
|
|
car.value.price += 10
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeFirstGame() {
|
|
|
|
|
games.value[0].name = '流星蝴蝶剑'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function test(){
|
|
|
|
|
obj.value.a.b.c.d = 999
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.6. 【ref 对比 reactive】
|
|
|
|
|
宏观角度看:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 1. `ref`用来定义:**基本类型数据**、**对象类型数据**;
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 2. `reactive`用来定义:**对象类型数据**。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 区别:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 1. `ref`创建的变量必须使用`.value`(可以使用`volar`插件自动添加`.value`)。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> <img src="images/自动补充value.png" alt="自动补充value" style="zoom:50%;border-radius:20px" />
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 2. `reactive`重新分配一个新对象,会**失去**响应式(可以使用`Object.assign`去整体替换)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 使用原则:
|
|
|
|
|
> 1. 若需要一个基本类型的响应式数据,必须使用`ref`。
|
|
|
|
|
> 2. 若需要一个响应式对象,层级不深,`ref`、`reactive`都可以。
|
|
|
|
|
> 3. 若需要一个响应式对象,且层级较深,推荐使用`reactive`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.7. 【toRefs 与 toRef】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 作用:将一个响应式对象中的每一个属性,转换为`ref`对象。
|
|
|
|
|
- 备注:`toRefs`与`toRef`功能一致,但`toRefs`可以批量转换。
|
|
|
|
|
- 语法如下:
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{person.name}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{person.age}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>性别:{{person.gender}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">修改年龄</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeGender">修改性别</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref,reactive,toRefs,toRef} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let person = reactive({name:'张三', age:18, gender:'男'})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 通过toRefs将person对象中的n个属性批量取出,且依然保持响应式的能力
|
|
|
|
|
let {name,gender} = toRefs(person)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 通过toRef将person对象中的gender属性取出,且依然保持响应式的能力
|
|
|
|
|
let age = toRef(person,'age')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
name.value += '~'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
age.value += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeGender(){
|
|
|
|
|
gender.value = '女'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.8. 【computed】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作用:根据已有数据计算出新数据(和`Vue2`中的`computed`作用一致)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/computed.gif" style="zoom:20%;" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
姓:<input type="text" v-model="firstName"> <br>
|
|
|
|
|
名:<input type="text" v-model="lastName"> <br>
|
|
|
|
|
全名:<span>{{fullName}}</span> <br>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeFullName">全名改为:li-si</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="App">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref,computed} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
let firstName = ref('zhang')
|
|
|
|
|
let lastName = ref('san')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 计算属性——只读取,不修改
|
|
|
|
|
/* let fullName = computed(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
return firstName.value + '-' + lastName.value
|
|
|
|
|
}) */
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 计算属性——既读取又修改
|
|
|
|
|
let fullName = computed({
|
|
|
|
|
// 读取
|
|
|
|
|
get(){
|
|
|
|
|
return firstName.value + '-' + lastName.value
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
// 修改
|
|
|
|
|
set(val){
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('有人修改了fullName',val)
|
|
|
|
|
firstName.value = val.split('-')[0]
|
|
|
|
|
lastName.value = val.split('-')[1]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function changeFullName(){
|
|
|
|
|
fullName.value = 'li-si'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.9.【watch】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 作用:监视数据的变化(和`Vue2`中的`watch`作用一致)
|
|
|
|
|
- 特点:`Vue3`中的`watch`只能监视以下**四种数据**:
|
|
|
|
|
> 1. `ref`定义的数据。
|
|
|
|
|
> 2. `reactive`定义的数据。
|
|
|
|
|
> 3. 函数返回一个值(`getter`函数)。
|
|
|
|
|
> 4. 一个包含上述内容的数组。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们在`Vue3`中使用`watch`的时候,通常会遇到以下几种情况:
|
|
|
|
|
### * 情况一
|
|
|
|
|
监视`ref`定义的【基本类型】数据:直接写数据名即可,监视的是其`value`值的改变。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>情况一:监视【ref】定义的【基本类型】数据</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeSum">点我sum+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref,watch} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let sum = ref(0)
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changeSum(){
|
|
|
|
|
sum.value += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 监视,情况一:监视【ref】定义的【基本类型】数据
|
|
|
|
|
const stopWatch = watch(sum,(newValue,oldValue)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('sum变化了',newValue,oldValue)
|
|
|
|
|
if(newValue >= 10){
|
|
|
|
|
stopWatch()
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
### * 情况二
|
|
|
|
|
监视`ref`定义的【对象类型】数据:直接写数据名,监视的是对象的【地址值】,若想监视对象内部的数据,要手动开启深度监视。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 注意:
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> * 若修改的是`ref`定义的对象中的属性,`newValue` 和 `oldValue` 都是新值,因为它们是同一个对象。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> * 若修改整个`ref`定义的对象,`newValue` 是新值, `oldValue` 是旧值,因为不是同一个对象了。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>情况二:监视【ref】定义的【对象类型】数据</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{ person.name }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{ person.age }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">修改年龄</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changePerson">修改整个人</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref,watch} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let person = ref({
|
|
|
|
|
name:'张三',
|
|
|
|
|
age:18
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.value.name += '~'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.value.age += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changePerson(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.value = {name:'李四',age:90}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
监视,情况一:监视【ref】定义的【对象类型】数据,监视的是对象的地址值,若想监视对象内部属性的变化,需要手动开启深度监视
|
|
|
|
|
watch的第一个参数是:被监视的数据
|
|
|
|
|
watch的第二个参数是:监视的回调
|
|
|
|
|
watch的第三个参数是:配置对象(deep、immediate等等.....)
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
watch(person,(newValue,oldValue)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('person变化了',newValue,oldValue)
|
|
|
|
|
},{deep:true})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
### * 情况三
|
|
|
|
|
监视`reactive`定义的【对象类型】数据,且默认开启了深度监视。
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>情况三:监视【reactive】定义的【对象类型】数据</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{ person.name }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{ person.age }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">修改年龄</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changePerson">修改整个人</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>测试:{{obj.a.b.c}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="test">修改obj.a.b.c</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {reactive,watch} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let person = reactive({
|
|
|
|
|
name:'张三',
|
|
|
|
|
age:18
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
let obj = reactive({
|
|
|
|
|
a:{
|
|
|
|
|
b:{
|
|
|
|
|
c:666
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.name += '~'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.age += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changePerson(){
|
|
|
|
|
Object.assign(person,{name:'李四',age:80})
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function test(){
|
|
|
|
|
obj.a.b.c = 888
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 监视,情况三:监视【reactive】定义的【对象类型】数据,且默认是开启深度监视的
|
|
|
|
|
watch(person,(newValue,oldValue)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('person变化了',newValue,oldValue)
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
watch(obj,(newValue,oldValue)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('Obj变化了',newValue,oldValue)
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
### * 情况四
|
|
|
|
|
监视`ref`或`reactive`定义的【对象类型】数据中的**某个属性**,注意点如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 若该属性值**不是**【对象类型】,需要写成函数形式。
|
|
|
|
|
2. 若该属性值是**依然**是【对象类型】,可直接编,也可写成函数,建议写成函数。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
结论:监视的要是对象里的属性,那么最好写函数式,注意点:若是对象监视的是地址值,需要关注对象内部,需要手动开启深度监视。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>情况四:监视【ref】或【reactive】定义的【对象类型】数据中的某个属性</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{ person.name }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{ person.age }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>汽车:{{ person.car.c1 }}、{{ person.car.c2 }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">修改年龄</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeC1">修改第一台车</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeC2">修改第二台车</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeCar">修改整个车</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {reactive,watch} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let person = reactive({
|
|
|
|
|
name:'张三',
|
|
|
|
|
age:18,
|
|
|
|
|
car:{
|
|
|
|
|
c1:'奔驰',
|
|
|
|
|
c2:'宝马'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.name += '~'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.age += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeC1(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.car.c1 = '奥迪'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeC2(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.car.c2 = '大众'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeCar(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.car = {c1:'雅迪',c2:'爱玛'}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 监视,情况四:监视响应式对象中的某个属性,且该属性是基本类型的,要写成函数式
|
|
|
|
|
/* watch(()=> person.name,(newValue,oldValue)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('person.name变化了',newValue,oldValue)
|
|
|
|
|
}) */
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 监视,情况四:监视响应式对象中的某个属性,且该属性是对象类型的,可以直接写,也能写函数,更推荐写函数
|
|
|
|
|
watch(()=>person.car,(newValue,oldValue)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('person.car变化了',newValue,oldValue)
|
|
|
|
|
},{deep:true})
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
### * 情况五
|
|
|
|
|
监视上述的多个数据
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>情况五:监视上述的多个数据</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>姓名:{{ person.name }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>年龄:{{ person.age }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>汽车:{{ person.car.c1 }}、{{ person.car.c2 }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeName">修改名字</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeAge">修改年龄</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeC1">修改第一台车</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeC2">修改第二台车</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeCar">修改整个车</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {reactive,watch} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let person = reactive({
|
|
|
|
|
name:'张三',
|
|
|
|
|
age:18,
|
|
|
|
|
car:{
|
|
|
|
|
c1:'奔驰',
|
|
|
|
|
c2:'宝马'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changeName(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.name += '~'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeAge(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.age += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeC1(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.car.c1 = '奥迪'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeC2(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.car.c2 = '大众'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeCar(){
|
|
|
|
|
person.car = {c1:'雅迪',c2:'爱玛'}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 监视,情况五:监视上述的多个数据
|
|
|
|
|
watch([()=>person.name,person.car],(newValue,oldValue)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('person.car变化了',newValue,oldValue)
|
|
|
|
|
},{deep:true})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.10. 【watchEffect】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 官网:立即运行一个函数,同时响应式地追踪其依赖,并在依赖更改时重新执行该函数。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `watch`对比`watchEffect`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 1. 都能监听响应式数据的变化,不同的是监听数据变化的方式不同
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 2. `watch`:要明确指出监视的数据
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 3. `watchEffect`:不用明确指出监视的数据(函数中用到哪些属性,那就监视哪些属性)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 示例代码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>需求:水温达到50℃,或水位达到20cm,则联系服务器</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="demo">水温:{{temp}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>水位:{{height}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changePrice">水温+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeSum">水位+10</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref,watch,watchEffect} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let temp = ref(0)
|
|
|
|
|
let height = ref(0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changePrice(){
|
|
|
|
|
temp.value += 10
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
function changeSum(){
|
|
|
|
|
height.value += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 用watch实现,需要明确的指出要监视:temp、height
|
|
|
|
|
watch([temp,height],(value)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
// 从value中获取最新的temp值、height值
|
|
|
|
|
const [newTemp,newHeight] = value
|
|
|
|
|
// 室温达到50℃,或水位达到20cm,立刻联系服务器
|
|
|
|
|
if(newTemp >= 50 || newHeight >= 20){
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('联系服务器')
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 用watchEffect实现,不用
|
|
|
|
|
const stopWtach = watchEffect(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
// 室温达到50℃,或水位达到20cm,立刻联系服务器
|
|
|
|
|
if(temp.value >= 50 || height.value >= 20){
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(document.getElementById('demo')?.innerText)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('联系服务器')
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 水温达到100,或水位达到50,取消监视
|
|
|
|
|
if(temp.value === 100 || height.value === 50){
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('清理了')
|
|
|
|
|
stopWtach()
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.11. 【标签的 ref 属性】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作用:用于注册模板引用。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> * 用在普通`DOM`标签上,获取的是`DOM`节点。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> * 用在组件标签上,获取的是组件实例对象。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
用在普通`DOM`标签上:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 ref="title1">尚硅谷</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 ref="title2">前端</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 ref="title3">Vue</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<input type="text" ref="inpt"> <br><br>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="showLog">点我打印内容</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
let title1 = ref()
|
|
|
|
|
let title2 = ref()
|
|
|
|
|
let title3 = ref()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function showLog(){
|
|
|
|
|
// 通过id获取元素
|
|
|
|
|
const t1 = document.getElementById('title1')
|
|
|
|
|
// 打印内容
|
|
|
|
|
console.log((t1 as HTMLElement).innerText)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log((<HTMLElement>t1).innerText)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(t1?.innerText)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/************************************/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 通过ref获取元素
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(title1.value)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(title2.value)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(title3.value)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
用在组件标签上:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 父组件App.vue -->
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<Person ref="ren"/>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="test">测试</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="App">
|
|
|
|
|
import Person from './components/Person.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
let ren = ref()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function test(){
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(ren.value.name)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(ren.value.age)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 子组件Person.vue中要使用defineExpose暴露内容 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref,defineExpose} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let name = ref('张三')
|
|
|
|
|
let age = ref(18)
|
|
|
|
|
/****************************/
|
|
|
|
|
/****************************/
|
|
|
|
|
// 使用defineExpose将组件中的数据交给外部
|
|
|
|
|
defineExpose({name,age})
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.12. 【props】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> ```js
|
|
|
|
|
>// 定义一个接口,限制每个Person对象的格式
|
|
|
|
|
> export interface PersonInter {
|
|
|
|
|
> id:string,
|
|
|
|
|
> name:string,
|
|
|
|
|
> age:number
|
|
|
|
|
> }
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> // 定义一个自定义类型Persons
|
|
|
|
|
> export type Persons = Array<PersonInter>
|
|
|
|
|
> ```
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> `App.vue`中代码:
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> ```vue
|
|
|
|
|
><template>
|
|
|
|
|
> <Person :list="persons"/>
|
|
|
|
|
> </template>
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> <script lang="ts" setup name="App">
|
|
|
|
|
> import Person from './components/Person.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
> import {reactive} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
> import {type Persons} from './types'
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> let persons = reactive<Persons>([
|
|
|
|
|
> {id:'e98219e12',name:'张三',age:18},
|
|
|
|
|
> {id:'e98219e13',name:'李四',age:19},
|
|
|
|
|
> {id:'e98219e14',name:'王五',age:20}
|
|
|
|
|
> ])
|
|
|
|
|
> </script>
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> ```
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> `Person.vue`中代码:
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> ```Vue
|
|
|
|
|
><template>
|
|
|
|
|
> <div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
> <ul>
|
|
|
|
|
> <li v-for="item in list" :key="item.id">
|
|
|
|
|
> {{item.name}}--{{item.age}}
|
|
|
|
|
> </li>
|
|
|
|
|
> </ul>
|
|
|
|
|
> </div>
|
|
|
|
|
> </template>
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> <script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
> import {defineProps} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
> import {type PersonInter} from '@/types'
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> // 第一种写法:仅接收
|
|
|
|
|
> // const props = defineProps(['list'])
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> // 第二种写法:接收+限制类型
|
|
|
|
|
> // defineProps<{list:Persons}>()
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> // 第三种写法:接收+限制类型+指定默认值+限制必要性
|
|
|
|
|
> let props = withDefaults(defineProps<{list?:Persons}>(),{
|
|
|
|
|
> list:()=>[{id:'asdasg01',name:'小猪佩奇',age:18}]
|
|
|
|
|
> })
|
|
|
|
|
> console.log(props)
|
|
|
|
|
> </script>
|
|
|
|
|
> ```
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.13. 【生命周期】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 概念:`Vue`组件实例在创建时要经历一系列的初始化步骤,在此过程中`Vue`会在合适的时机,调用特定的函数,从而让开发者有机会在特定阶段运行自己的代码,这些特定的函数统称为:生命周期钩子
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 规律:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 生命周期整体分为四个阶段,分别是:**创建、挂载、更新、销毁**,每个阶段都有两个钩子,一前一后。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `Vue2`的生命周期
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 创建阶段:`beforeCreate`、`created`
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 挂载阶段:`beforeMount`、`mounted`
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 更新阶段:`beforeUpdate`、`updated`
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 销毁阶段:`beforeDestroy`、`destroyed`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `Vue3`的生命周期
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 创建阶段:`setup`
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 挂载阶段:`onBeforeMount`、`onMounted`
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 更新阶段:`onBeforeUpdate`、`onUpdated`
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 卸载阶段:`onBeforeUnmount`、`onUnmounted`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 常用的钩子:`onMounted`(挂载完毕)、`onUpdated`(更新完毕)、`onBeforeUnmount`(卸载之前)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 示例代码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="person">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="changeSum">点我sum+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- vue3写法 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="Person">
|
|
|
|
|
import {
|
|
|
|
|
ref,
|
|
|
|
|
onBeforeMount,
|
|
|
|
|
onMounted,
|
|
|
|
|
onBeforeUpdate,
|
|
|
|
|
onUpdated,
|
|
|
|
|
onBeforeUnmount,
|
|
|
|
|
onUnmounted
|
|
|
|
|
} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let sum = ref(0)
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function changeSum() {
|
|
|
|
|
sum.value += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('setup')
|
|
|
|
|
// 生命周期钩子
|
|
|
|
|
onBeforeMount(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('挂载之前')
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
onMounted(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('挂载完毕')
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
onBeforeUpdate(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('更新之前')
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
onUpdated(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('更新完毕')
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
onBeforeUnmount(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('卸载之前')
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
onUnmounted(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('卸载完毕')
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 3.14. 【自定义hook】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 什么是`hook`?—— 本质是一个函数,把`setup`函数中使用的`Composition API`进行了封装,类似于`vue2.x`中的`mixin`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 自定义`hook`的优势:复用代码, 让`setup`中的逻辑更清楚易懂。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
示例代码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `useSum.ts`中内容如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import {ref,onMounted} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export default function(){
|
|
|
|
|
let sum = ref(0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const increment = ()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
sum.value += 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
const decrement = ()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
sum.value -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
onMounted(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
increment()
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//向外部暴露数据
|
|
|
|
|
return {sum,increment,decrement}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `useDog.ts`中内容如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import {reactive,onMounted} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import axios,{AxiosError} from 'axios'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export default function(){
|
|
|
|
|
let dogList = reactive<string[]>([])
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
async function getDog(){
|
|
|
|
|
try {
|
|
|
|
|
// 发请求
|
|
|
|
|
let {data} = await axios.get('https://dog.ceo/api/breed/pembroke/images/random')
|
|
|
|
|
// 维护数据
|
|
|
|
|
dogList.push(data.message)
|
|
|
|
|
} catch (error) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 处理错误
|
|
|
|
|
const err = <AxiosError>error
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(err.message)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 挂载钩子
|
|
|
|
|
onMounted(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
getDog()
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//向外部暴露数据
|
|
|
|
|
return {dogList,getDog}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 组件中具体使用:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="increment">点我+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="decrement">点我-1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
|
<img v-for="(u,index) in dogList.urlList" :key="index" :src="(u as string)">
|
|
|
|
|
<span v-show="dogList.isLoading">加载中......</span><br>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="getDog">再来一只狗</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts">
|
|
|
|
|
import {defineComponent} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export default defineComponent({
|
|
|
|
|
name:'App',
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts">
|
|
|
|
|
import useSum from './hooks/useSum'
|
|
|
|
|
import useDog from './hooks/useDog'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
let {sum,increment,decrement} = useSum()
|
|
|
|
|
let {dogList,getDog} = useDog()
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 4. 路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.1. 【对路由的理解】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/image-20231018144351536.png" alt="image-20231018144351536" style="zoom:20%;border-radius:40px" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.2. 【基本切换效果】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `Vue3`中要使用`vue-router`的最新版本,目前是`4`版本。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 路由配置文件代码如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import {createRouter,createWebHistory} from 'vue-router'
|
|
|
|
|
import Home from '@/pages/Home.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import News from '@/pages/News.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import About from '@/pages/About.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const router = createRouter({
|
|
|
|
|
history:createWebHistory(),
|
|
|
|
|
routes:[
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/home',
|
|
|
|
|
component:Home
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/about',
|
|
|
|
|
component:About
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
export default router
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
* `main.ts`代码如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import router from './router/index'
|
|
|
|
|
app.use(router)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
app.mount('#app')
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `App.vue`代码如下
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="app">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="title">Vue路由测试</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 导航区 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="navigate">
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink to="/home" active-class="active">首页</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink to="/news" active-class="active">新闻</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink to="/about" active-class="active">关于</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 展示区 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="main-content">
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterView></RouterView>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script lang="ts" setup name="App">
|
|
|
|
|
import {RouterLink,RouterView} from 'vue-router'
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.3. 【两个注意点】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 1. 路由组件通常存放在`pages` 或 `views`文件夹,一般组件通常存放在`components`文件夹。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 2. 通过点击导航,视觉效果上“消失” 了的路由组件,默认是被**卸载**掉的,需要的时候再去**挂载**。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.4.【路由器工作模式】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. `history`模式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 优点:`URL`更加美观,不带有`#`,更接近传统的网站`URL`。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 缺点:后期项目上线,需要服务端配合处理路径问题,否则刷新会有`404`错误。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> ```js
|
|
|
|
|
> const router = createRouter({
|
|
|
|
|
> history:createWebHistory(), //history模式
|
|
|
|
|
> /******/
|
|
|
|
|
> })
|
|
|
|
|
> ```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. `hash`模式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 优点:兼容性更好,因为不需要服务器端处理路径。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 缺点:`URL`带有`#`不太美观,且在`SEO`优化方面相对较差。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> ```js
|
|
|
|
|
> const router = createRouter({
|
|
|
|
|
> history:createWebHashHistory(), //hash模式
|
|
|
|
|
> /******/
|
|
|
|
|
> })
|
|
|
|
|
> ```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.5. 【to的两种写法】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 第一种:to的字符串写法 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<router-link active-class="active" to="/home">主页</router-link>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 第二种:to的对象写法 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<router-link active-class="active" :to="{path:'/home'}">Home</router-link>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.6. 【命名路由】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作用:可以简化路由跳转及传参(后面就讲)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
给路由规则命名:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
routes:[
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'zhuye',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/home',
|
|
|
|
|
component:Home
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'xinwen',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/news',
|
|
|
|
|
component:News,
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'guanyu',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/about',
|
|
|
|
|
component:About
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
跳转路由:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!--简化前:需要写完整的路径(to的字符串写法) -->
|
|
|
|
|
<router-link to="/news/detail">跳转</router-link>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--简化后:直接通过名字跳转(to的对象写法配合name属性) -->
|
|
|
|
|
<router-link :to="{name:'guanyu'}">跳转</router-link>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.7. 【嵌套路由】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 编写`News`的子路由:`Detail.vue`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 配置路由规则,使用`children`配置项:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
const router = createRouter({
|
|
|
|
|
history:createWebHistory(),
|
|
|
|
|
routes:[
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'zhuye',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/home',
|
|
|
|
|
component:Home
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'xinwen',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/news',
|
|
|
|
|
component:News,
|
|
|
|
|
children:[
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'xiang',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'detail',
|
|
|
|
|
component:Detail
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'guanyu',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/about',
|
|
|
|
|
component:About
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
export default router
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 跳转路由(记得要加完整路径):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<router-link to="/news/detail">xxxx</router-link>
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 或 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<router-link :to="{path:'/news/detail'}">xxxx</router-link>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 记得去`Home`组件中预留一个`<router-view>`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="news">
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="news-list">
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink v-for="news in newsList" :key="news.id" :to="{path:'/news/detail'}">
|
|
|
|
|
{{news.name}}
|
|
|
|
|
</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="news-detail">
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterView/>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.8. 【路由传参】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### query参数
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 传递参数
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数(to的字符串写法) -->
|
|
|
|
|
<router-link to="/news/detail?a=1&b=2&content=欢迎你">
|
|
|
|
|
跳转
|
|
|
|
|
</router-link>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数(to的对象写法) -->
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink
|
|
|
|
|
:to="{
|
|
|
|
|
//name:'xiang', //用name也可以跳转
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/news/detail',
|
|
|
|
|
query:{
|
|
|
|
|
id:news.id,
|
|
|
|
|
title:news.title,
|
|
|
|
|
content:news.content
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}"
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
{{news.title}}
|
|
|
|
|
</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 接收参数:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import {useRoute} from 'vue-router'
|
|
|
|
|
const route = useRoute()
|
|
|
|
|
// 打印query参数
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(route.query)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### params参数
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 传递参数
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数(to的字符串写法) -->
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink :to="`/news/detail/001/新闻001/内容001`">{{news.title}}</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数(to的对象写法) -->
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink
|
|
|
|
|
:to="{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'xiang', //用name跳转
|
|
|
|
|
params:{
|
|
|
|
|
id:news.id,
|
|
|
|
|
title:news.title,
|
|
|
|
|
content:news.title
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}"
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
{{news.title}}
|
|
|
|
|
</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 接收参数:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import {useRoute} from 'vue-router'
|
|
|
|
|
const route = useRoute()
|
|
|
|
|
// 打印params参数
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(route.params)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 备注1:传递`params`参数时,若使用`to`的对象写法,必须使用`name`配置项,不能用`path`。
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
> 备注2:传递`params`参数时,需要提前在规则中占位。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.9. 【路由的props配置】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作用:让路由组件更方便的收到参数(可以将路由参数作为`props`传给组件)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
name:'xiang',
|
|
|
|
|
path:'detail/:id/:title/:content',
|
|
|
|
|
component:Detail,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// props的对象写法,作用:把对象中的每一组key-value作为props传给Detail组件
|
|
|
|
|
// props:{a:1,b:2,c:3},
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// props的布尔值写法,作用:把收到了每一组params参数,作为props传给Detail组件
|
|
|
|
|
// props:true
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// props的函数写法,作用:把返回的对象中每一组key-value作为props传给Detail组件
|
|
|
|
|
props(route){
|
|
|
|
|
return route.query
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.10. 【 replace属性】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式:分别为```push```和```replace```:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- ```push```是追加历史记录(默认值)。
|
|
|
|
|
- `replace`是替换当前记录。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 开启`replace`模式:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<RouterLink replace .......>News</RouterLink>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.11. 【编程式导航】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
路由组件的两个重要的属性:`$route`和`$router`变成了两个`hooks`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import {useRoute,useRouter} from 'vue-router'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const route = useRoute()
|
|
|
|
|
const router = useRouter()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(route.query)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(route.parmas)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(router.push)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(router.replace)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 4.12. 【重定向】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:将特定的路径,重新定向到已有路由。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 具体编码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
path:'/',
|
|
|
|
|
redirect:'/about'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 5. pinia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.1【准备一个效果】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="./images/pinia_example.gif" alt="pinia_example" style="zoom:30%;border:3px solid" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.2【搭建 pinia 环境】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
第一步:`npm install pinia`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
第二步:操作`src/main.ts`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
import { createApp } from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import App from './App.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 引入createPinia,用于创建pinia */
|
|
|
|
|
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 创建pinia */
|
|
|
|
|
const pinia = createPinia()
|
|
|
|
|
const app = createApp(App)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 使用插件 */{}
|
|
|
|
|
app.use(pinia)
|
|
|
|
|
app.mount('#app')
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
此时开发者工具中已经有了`pinia`选项
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2023/png/35780599/1684309952481-c67f67f9-d1a3-4d69-8bd6-2b381e003f31.png" style="zoom:80%;border:1px solid black;border-radius:10px" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.3【存储+读取数据】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. `Store`是一个保存:**状态**、**业务逻辑** 的实体,每个组件都可以**读取**、**写入**它。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 它有三个概念:`state`、`getter`、`action`,相当于组件中的: `data`、 `computed` 和 `methods`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 具体编码:`src/store/count.ts`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
// 引入defineStore用于创建store
|
|
|
|
|
import {defineStore} from 'pinia'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 定义并暴露一个store
|
|
|
|
|
export const useCountStore = defineStore('count',{
|
|
|
|
|
// 动作
|
|
|
|
|
actions:{},
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态
|
|
|
|
|
state(){
|
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
|
|
|
sum:6
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
// 计算
|
|
|
|
|
getters:{}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 具体编码:`src/store/talk.ts`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
// 引入defineStore用于创建store
|
|
|
|
|
import {defineStore} from 'pinia'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 定义并暴露一个store
|
|
|
|
|
export const useTalkStore = defineStore('talk',{
|
|
|
|
|
// 动作
|
|
|
|
|
actions:{},
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态
|
|
|
|
|
state(){
|
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
|
|
|
talkList:[
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'yuysada01',content:'你今天有点怪,哪里怪?怪好看的!'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'yuysada02',content:'草莓、蓝莓、蔓越莓,你想我了没?'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'yuysada03',content:'心里给你留了一块地,我的死心塌地'}
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
// 计算
|
|
|
|
|
getters:{}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. 组件中使用`state`中的数据
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>当前求和为:{{ sumStore.sum }}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Count">
|
|
|
|
|
// 引入对应的useXxxxxStore
|
|
|
|
|
import {useSumStore} from '@/store/sum'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 调用useXxxxxStore得到对应的store
|
|
|
|
|
const sumStore = useSumStore()
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li v-for="talk in talkStore.talkList" :key="talk.id">
|
|
|
|
|
{{ talk.content }}
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Count">
|
|
|
|
|
import axios from 'axios'
|
|
|
|
|
import {useTalkStore} from '@/store/talk'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const talkStore = useTalkStore()
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.4.【修改数据】(三种方式)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 第一种修改方式,直接修改
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
countStore.sum = 666
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 第二种修改方式:批量修改
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
countStore.$patch({
|
|
|
|
|
sum:999,
|
|
|
|
|
school:'atguigu'
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 第三种修改方式:借助`action`修改(`action`中可以编写一些业务逻辑)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export const useCountStore = defineStore('count', {
|
|
|
|
|
/*************/
|
|
|
|
|
actions: {
|
|
|
|
|
//加
|
|
|
|
|
increment(value:number) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.sum < 10) {
|
|
|
|
|
//操作countStore中的sum
|
|
|
|
|
this.sum += value
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
//减
|
|
|
|
|
decrement(value:number){
|
|
|
|
|
if(this.sum > 1){
|
|
|
|
|
this.sum -= value
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
/*************/
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 组件中调用`action`即可
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
// 使用countStore
|
|
|
|
|
const countStore = useCountStore()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 调用对应action
|
|
|
|
|
countStore.incrementOdd(n.value)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.5.【storeToRefs】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 借助`storeToRefs`将`store`中的数据转为`ref`对象,方便在模板中使用。
|
|
|
|
|
- 注意:`pinia`提供的`storeToRefs`只会将数据做转换,而`Vue`的`toRefs`会转换`store`中数据。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="count">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Count">
|
|
|
|
|
import { useCountStore } from '@/store/count'
|
|
|
|
|
/* 引入storeToRefs */
|
|
|
|
|
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 得到countStore */
|
|
|
|
|
const countStore = useCountStore()
|
|
|
|
|
/* 使用storeToRefs转换countStore,随后解构 */
|
|
|
|
|
const {sum} = storeToRefs(countStore)
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.6.【getters】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 概念:当`state`中的数据,需要经过处理后再使用时,可以使用`getters`配置。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 追加```getters```配置。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
// 引入defineStore用于创建store
|
|
|
|
|
import {defineStore} from 'pinia'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 定义并暴露一个store
|
|
|
|
|
export const useCountStore = defineStore('count',{
|
|
|
|
|
// 动作
|
|
|
|
|
actions:{
|
|
|
|
|
/************/
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态
|
|
|
|
|
state(){
|
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
|
|
|
sum:1,
|
|
|
|
|
school:'atguigu'
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
// 计算
|
|
|
|
|
getters:{
|
|
|
|
|
bigSum:(state):number => state.sum *10,
|
|
|
|
|
upperSchool():string{
|
|
|
|
|
return this. school.toUpperCase()
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 组件中读取数据:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
const {increment,decrement} = countStore
|
|
|
|
|
let {sum,school,bigSum,upperSchool} = storeToRefs(countStore)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.7.【$subscribe】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
通过 store 的 `$subscribe()` 方法侦听 `state` 及其变化
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
talkStore.$subscribe((mutate,state)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('LoveTalk',mutate,state)
|
|
|
|
|
localStorage.setItem('talk',JSON.stringify(talkList.value))
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 5.8. 【store组合式写法】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
import {defineStore} from 'pinia'
|
|
|
|
|
import axios from 'axios'
|
|
|
|
|
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
|
|
|
|
|
import {reactive} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export const useTalkStore = defineStore('talk',()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
// talkList就是state
|
|
|
|
|
const talkList = reactive(
|
|
|
|
|
JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('talkList') as string) || []
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// getATalk函数相当于action
|
|
|
|
|
async function getATalk(){
|
|
|
|
|
// 发请求,下面这行的写法是:连续解构赋值+重命名
|
|
|
|
|
let {data:{content:title}} = await axios.get('https://api.uomg.com/api/rand.qinghua?format=json')
|
|
|
|
|
// 把请求回来的字符串,包装成一个对象
|
|
|
|
|
let obj = {id:nanoid(),title}
|
|
|
|
|
// 放到数组中
|
|
|
|
|
talkList.unshift(obj)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return {talkList,getATalk}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 6. 组件通信
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**`Vue3`组件通信和`Vue2`的区别:**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 移出事件总线,使用`mitt`代替。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `vuex`换成了`pinia`。
|
|
|
|
|
- 把`.sync`优化到了`v-model`里面了。
|
|
|
|
|
- 把`$listeners`所有的东西,合并到`$attrs`中了。
|
|
|
|
|
- `$children`被砍掉了。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**常见搭配形式:**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/image-20231119185900990.png" alt="image-20231119185900990" style="zoom:60%;" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.1. 【props】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
概述:`props`是使用频率最高的一种通信方式,常用与 :**父 ↔ 子**。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 若 **父传子**:属性值是**非函数**。
|
|
|
|
|
- 若 **子传父**:属性值是**函数**。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
父组件:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="father">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>父组件,</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>我的车:{{ car }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>儿子给的玩具:{{ toy }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<Child :car="car" :getToy="getToy"/>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Father">
|
|
|
|
|
import Child from './Child.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import { ref } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
const car = ref('奔驰')
|
|
|
|
|
const toy = ref()
|
|
|
|
|
// 方法
|
|
|
|
|
function getToy(value:string){
|
|
|
|
|
toy.value = value
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
子组件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="child">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>子组件</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>我的玩具:{{ toy }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>父给我的车:{{ car }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="getToy(toy)">玩具给父亲</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Child">
|
|
|
|
|
import { ref } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
const toy = ref('奥特曼')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
defineProps(['car','getToy'])
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.2. 【自定义事件】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 概述:自定义事件常用于:**子 => 父。**
|
|
|
|
|
2. 注意区分好:原生事件、自定义事件。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 原生事件:
|
|
|
|
|
- 事件名是特定的(`click`、`mosueenter`等等)
|
|
|
|
|
- 事件对象`$event`: 是包含事件相关信息的对象(`pageX`、`pageY`、`target`、`keyCode`)
|
|
|
|
|
- 自定义事件:
|
|
|
|
|
- 事件名是任意名称
|
|
|
|
|
- <strong style="color:red">事件对象`$event`: 是调用`emit`时所提供的数据,可以是任意类型!!!</strong >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 示例:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
|
|
|
<!--在父组件中,给子组件绑定自定义事件:-->
|
|
|
|
|
<Child @send-toy="toy = $event"/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--注意区分原生事件与自定义事件中的$event-->
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="toy = $event">测试</button>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
//子组件中,触发事件:
|
|
|
|
|
this.$emit('send-toy', 具体数据)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.3. 【mitt】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
概述:与消息订阅与发布(`pubsub`)功能类似,可以实现任意组件间通信。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
安装`mitt`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
npm i mitt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
新建文件:`src\utils\emitter.ts`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
|
|
|
// 引入mitt
|
|
|
|
|
import mitt from "mitt";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 创建emitter
|
|
|
|
|
const emitter = mitt()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
// 绑定事件
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.on('abc',(value)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('abc事件被触发',value)
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.on('xyz',(value)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('xyz事件被触发',value)
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
setInterval(() => {
|
|
|
|
|
// 触发事件
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.emit('abc',666)
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.emit('xyz',777)
|
|
|
|
|
}, 1000);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
setTimeout(() => {
|
|
|
|
|
// 清理事件
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.all.clear()
|
|
|
|
|
}, 3000);
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 创建并暴露mitt
|
|
|
|
|
export default emitter
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
接收数据的组件中:绑定事件、同时在销毁前解绑事件:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript
|
|
|
|
|
import emitter from "@/utils/emitter";
|
|
|
|
|
import { onUnmounted } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 绑定事件
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.on('send-toy',(value)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('send-toy事件被触发',value)
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
onUnmounted(()=>{
|
|
|
|
|
// 解绑事件
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.off('send-toy')
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
【第三步】:提供数据的组件,在合适的时候触发事件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
|
|
|
import emitter from "@/utils/emitter";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function sendToy(){
|
|
|
|
|
// 触发事件
|
|
|
|
|
emitter.emit('send-toy',toy.value)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**注意这个重要的内置关系,总线依赖着这个内置关系**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.4.【v-model】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 概述:实现 **父↔子** 之间相互通信。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 前序知识 —— `v-model`的本质
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 使用v-model指令 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<input type="text" v-model="userName">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- v-model的本质是下面这行代码 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<input
|
|
|
|
|
type="text"
|
|
|
|
|
:value="userName"
|
|
|
|
|
@input="userName =(<HTMLInputElement>$event.target).value"
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 组件标签上的`v-model`的本质:`:moldeValue` + `update:modelValue`事件。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 组件标签上使用v-model指令 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<AtguiguInput v-model="userName"/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 组件标签上v-model的本质 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<AtguiguInput :modelValue="userName" @update:model-value="userName = $event"/>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`AtguiguInput`组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="box">
|
|
|
|
|
<!--将接收的value值赋给input元素的value属性,目的是:为了呈现数据 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<!--给input元素绑定原生input事件,触发input事件时,进而触发update:model-value事件-->
|
|
|
|
|
<input
|
|
|
|
|
type="text"
|
|
|
|
|
:value="modelValue"
|
|
|
|
|
@input="emit('update:model-value',$event.target.value)"
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="AtguiguInput">
|
|
|
|
|
// 接收props
|
|
|
|
|
defineProps(['modelValue'])
|
|
|
|
|
// 声明事件
|
|
|
|
|
const emit = defineEmits(['update:model-value'])
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 也可以更换`value`,例如改成`abc`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 也可以更换value,例如改成abc-->
|
|
|
|
|
<AtguiguInput v-model:abc="userName"/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 上面代码的本质如下 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<AtguiguInput :abc="userName" @update:abc="userName = $event"/>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`AtguiguInput`组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="box">
|
|
|
|
|
<input
|
|
|
|
|
type="text"
|
|
|
|
|
:value="abc"
|
|
|
|
|
@input="emit('update:abc',$event.target.value)"
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="AtguiguInput">
|
|
|
|
|
// 接收props
|
|
|
|
|
defineProps(['abc'])
|
|
|
|
|
// 声明事件
|
|
|
|
|
const emit = defineEmits(['update:abc'])
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. 如果`value`可以更换,那么就可以在组件标签上多次使用`v-model`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<AtguiguInput v-model:abc="userName" v-model:xyz="password"/>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.5.【$attrs 】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 概述:`$attrs`用于实现**当前组件的父组件**,向**当前组件的子组件**通信(**祖→孙**)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 具体说明:`$attrs`是一个对象,包含所有父组件传入的标签属性。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 注意:`$attrs`会自动排除`props`中声明的属性(可以认为声明过的 `props` 被子组件自己“消费”了)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
父组件:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="father">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>父组件</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<Child :a="a" :b="b" :c="c" :d="d" v-bind="{x:100,y:200}" :updateA="updateA"/>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Father">
|
|
|
|
|
import Child from './Child.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import { ref } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
let a = ref(1)
|
|
|
|
|
let b = ref(2)
|
|
|
|
|
let c = ref(3)
|
|
|
|
|
let d = ref(4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function updateA(value){
|
|
|
|
|
a.value = value
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
子组件:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="child">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>子组件</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<GrandChild v-bind="$attrs"/>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Child">
|
|
|
|
|
import GrandChild from './GrandChild.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
孙组件:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="grand-child">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>孙组件</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>a:{{ a }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>b:{{ b }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>c:{{ c }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>d:{{ d }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>x:{{ x }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>y:{{ y }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="updateA(666)">点我更新A</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="GrandChild">
|
|
|
|
|
defineProps(['a','b','c','d','x','y','updateA'])
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.6. 【$refs、$parent】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 概述:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `$refs`用于 :**父→子。**
|
|
|
|
|
* `$parent`用于:**子→父。**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 原理如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 属性 | 说明 |
|
|
|
|
|
| --------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
| `$refs` | 值为对象,包含所有被`ref`属性标识的`DOM`元素或组件实例。 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `$parent` | 值为对象,当前组件的父组件实例对象。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.7. 【provide、inject】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 概述:实现**祖孙组件**直接通信
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 具体使用:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 在祖先组件中通过`provide`配置向后代组件提供数据
|
|
|
|
|
* 在后代组件中通过`inject`配置来声明接收数据
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 具体编码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
【第一步】父组件中,使用`provide`提供数据
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="father">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>父组件</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>资产:{{ money }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>汽车:{{ car }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="money += 1">资产+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="car.price += 1">汽车价格+1</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<Child/>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Father">
|
|
|
|
|
import Child from './Child.vue'
|
|
|
|
|
import { ref,reactive,provide } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
// 数据
|
|
|
|
|
let money = ref(100)
|
|
|
|
|
let car = reactive({
|
|
|
|
|
brand:'奔驰',
|
|
|
|
|
price:100
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
// 用于更新money的方法
|
|
|
|
|
function updateMoney(value:number){
|
|
|
|
|
money.value += value
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 提供数据
|
|
|
|
|
provide('moneyContext',{money,updateMoney})
|
|
|
|
|
provide('car',car)
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 注意:子组件中不用编写任何东西,是不受到任何打扰的
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
【第二步】孙组件中使用`inject`配置项接受数据。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="grand-child">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>我是孙组件</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>资产:{{ money }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>汽车:{{ car }}</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="updateMoney(6)">点我</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="GrandChild">
|
|
|
|
|
import { inject } from 'vue';
|
|
|
|
|
// 注入数据
|
|
|
|
|
let {money,updateMoney} = inject('moneyContext',{money:0,updateMoney:(x:number)=>{}})
|
|
|
|
|
let car = inject('car')
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.8. 【pinia】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
参考之前`pinia`部分的讲解
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 6.9. 【slot】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 1. 默认插槽
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
父组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
<Category title="今日热门游戏">
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li v-for="g in games" :key="g.id">{{ g.name }}</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
</Category>
|
|
|
|
|
子组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="item">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>{{ title }}</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- 默认插槽 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<slot></slot>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 2. 具名插槽
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
父组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
<Category title="今日热门游戏">
|
|
|
|
|
<template v-slot:s1>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li v-for="g in games" :key="g.id">{{ g.name }}</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
<template #s2>
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="">更多</a>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
</Category>
|
|
|
|
|
子组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="item">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>{{ title }}</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<slot name="s1"></slot>
|
|
|
|
|
<slot name="s2"></slot>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 3. 作用域插槽
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 理解:<span style="color:red">数据在组件的自身,但根据数据生成的结构需要组件的使用者来决定。</span>(新闻数据在`News`组件中,但使用数据所遍历出来的结构由`App`组件决定)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 具体编码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
父组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
<Game v-slot="params">
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- <Game v-slot:default="params"> -->
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- <Game #default="params"> -->
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li v-for="g in params.games" :key="g.id">{{ g.name }}</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
</Game>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
子组件中:
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="category">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>今日游戏榜单</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<slot :games="games" a="哈哈"></slot>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup lang="ts" name="Category">
|
|
|
|
|
import {reactive} from 'vue'
|
|
|
|
|
let games = reactive([
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asgdytsa01',name:'英雄联盟'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asgdytsa02',name:'王者荣耀'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asgdytsa03',name:'红色警戒'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asgdytsa04',name:'斗罗大陆'}
|
|
|
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 7. 其它 API
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 7.1.【shallowRef 与 shallowReactive 】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### `shallowRef`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:创建一个响应式数据,但只对顶层属性进行响应式处理。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 用法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
let myVar = shallowRef(initialValue);
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 特点:只跟踪引用值的变化,不关心值内部的属性变化。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### `shallowReactive`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:创建一个浅层响应式对象,只会使对象的最顶层属性变成响应式的,对象内部的嵌套属性则不会变成响应式的
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 用法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
const myObj = shallowReactive({ ... });
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 特点:对象的顶层属性是响应式的,但嵌套对象的属性不是。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 总结
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 通过使用 [`shallowRef()`](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-advanced.html#shallowref) 和 [`shallowReactive()`](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-advanced.html#shallowreactive) 来绕开深度响应。浅层式 `API` 创建的状态只在其顶层是响应式的,对所有深层的对象不会做任何处理,避免了对每一个内部属性做响应式所带来的性能成本,这使得属性的访问变得更快,可提升性能。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 7.2.【readonly 与 shallowReadonly】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### **`readonly`**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:用于创建一个对象的深只读副本。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 用法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
const original = reactive({ ... });
|
|
|
|
|
const readOnlyCopy = readonly(original);
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 特点:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 对象的所有嵌套属性都将变为只读。
|
|
|
|
|
* 任何尝试修改这个对象的操作都会被阻止(在开发模式下,还会在控制台中发出警告)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 应用场景:
|
|
|
|
|
* 创建不可变的状态快照。
|
|
|
|
|
* 保护全局状态或配置不被修改。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### **`shallowReadonly`**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:与 `readonly` 类似,但只作用于对象的顶层属性。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 用法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
const original = reactive({ ... });
|
|
|
|
|
const shallowReadOnlyCopy = shallowReadonly(original);
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 特点:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 只将对象的顶层属性设置为只读,对象内部的嵌套属性仍然是可变的。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 适用于只需保护对象顶层属性的场景。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 7.3.【toRaw 与 markRaw】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### `toRaw`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:用于获取一个响应式对象的原始对象, `toRaw` 返回的对象不再是响应式的,不会触发视图更新。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 官网描述:这是一个可以用于临时读取而不引起代理访问/跟踪开销,或是写入而不触发更改的特殊方法。不建议保存对原始对象的持久引用,请谨慎使用。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 何时使用? —— 在需要将响应式对象传递给非 `Vue` 的库或外部系统时,使用 `toRaw` 可以确保它们收到的是普通对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 具体编码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
import { reactive,toRaw,markRaw,isReactive } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* toRaw */
|
|
|
|
|
// 响应式对象
|
|
|
|
|
let person = reactive({name:'tony',age:18})
|
|
|
|
|
// 原始对象
|
|
|
|
|
let rawPerson = toRaw(person)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* markRaw */
|
|
|
|
|
let citysd = markRaw([
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda01',name:'北京'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda02',name:'上海'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda03',name:'天津'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda04',name:'重庆'}
|
|
|
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
|
// 根据原始对象citys去创建响应式对象citys2 —— 创建失败,因为citys被markRaw标记了
|
|
|
|
|
let citys2 = reactive(citys)
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(isReactive(person))
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(isReactive(rawPerson))
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(isReactive(citys))
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(isReactive(citys2))
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### `markRaw`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 作用:标记一个对象,使其**永远不会**变成响应式的。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 例如使用`mockjs`时,为了防止误把`mockjs`变为响应式对象,可以使用 `markRaw` 去标记`mockjs`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 编码:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
/* markRaw */
|
|
|
|
|
let citys = markRaw([
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda01',name:'北京'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda02',name:'上海'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda03',name:'天津'},
|
|
|
|
|
{id:'asdda04',name:'重庆'}
|
|
|
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
|
// 根据原始对象citys去创建响应式对象citys2 —— 创建失败,因为citys被markRaw标记了
|
|
|
|
|
let citys2 = reactive(citys)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 7.4.【customRef】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作用:创建一个自定义的`ref`,并对其依赖项跟踪和更新触发进行逻辑控制。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
实现防抖效果(`useSumRef.ts`):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript
|
|
|
|
|
import {customRef } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export default function(initValue:string,delay:number){
|
|
|
|
|
let msg = customRef((track,trigger)=>{
|
|
|
|
|
let timer:number
|
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
|
|
|
get(){
|
|
|
|
|
track() // 告诉Vue数据msg很重要,要对msg持续关注,一旦变化就更新
|
|
|
|
|
return initValue
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
set(value){
|
|
|
|
|
clearTimeout(timer)
|
|
|
|
|
timer = setTimeout(() => {
|
|
|
|
|
initValue = value
|
|
|
|
|
trigger() //通知Vue数据msg变化了
|
|
|
|
|
}, delay);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
return {msg}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
组件中使用:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 8. Vue3新组件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 8.1. 【Teleport】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 什么是Teleport?—— Teleport 是一种能够将我们的**组件html结构**移动到指定位置的技术。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
|
|
|
<teleport to='body' >
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="modal" v-show="isShow">
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>我是一个弹窗</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>我是弹窗中的一些内容</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="isShow = false">关闭弹窗</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</teleport>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 8.2. 【Suspense】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 等待异步组件时渲染一些额外内容,让应用有更好的用户体验
|
|
|
|
|
- 使用步骤:
|
|
|
|
|
- 异步引入组件
|
|
|
|
|
- 使用`Suspense`包裹组件,并配置好`default` 与 `fallback`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```tsx
|
|
|
|
|
import { defineAsyncComponent,Suspense } from "vue";
|
|
|
|
|
const Child = defineAsyncComponent(()=>import('./Child.vue'))
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```vue
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="app">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>我是App组件</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<Suspense>
|
|
|
|
|
<template v-slot:default>
|
|
|
|
|
<Child/>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
<template v-slot:fallback>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>加载中.......</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
</Suspense>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 8.3.【全局API转移到应用对象】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `app.component`
|
|
|
|
|
- `app.config`
|
|
|
|
|
- `app.directive`
|
|
|
|
|
- `app.mount`
|
|
|
|
|
- `app.unmount`
|
|
|
|
|
- `app.use`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 8.4.【其他】
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 过渡类名 `v-enter` 修改为 `v-enter-from`、过渡类名 `v-leave` 修改为 `v-leave-from`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `keyCode` 作为 `v-on` 修饰符的支持。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `v-model` 指令在组件上的使用已经被重新设计,替换掉了 `v-bind.sync。`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `v-if` 和 `v-for` 在同一个元素身上使用时的优先级发生了变化。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 移除了`$on`、`$off` 和 `$once` 实例方法。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 移除了过滤器 `filter`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 移除了`$children` 实例 `propert`。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
......
|